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Adult neurogenesis in a psychopathological mouse model of trait anxiety and comorbid depression-like behavior: effect of antidepressants
BMC Pharmacology volume 9, Article number: A19 (2009)
Background
Evidence has been provided linking neurogenesis to mood disorders. Notably, it has been shown that chronic experimental stress resulting in enhanced depression-like behavior decreases neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG), while antidepressants reverse these stress-induced effects. However, in most studies ''normal'' animals reflecting physiology rather than pathophysiology are used. Therefore, we aimed to investigate neurogenesis in the DG of a mouse model of high-trait anxiety and comorbid depression (HAB), which mimics important features of human psychopathology, and their normal anxiety/depression (NAB) controls.
Methods
BrdU (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine) was administered to female HABs and NABs. Mice were sacrificed at 15 and 42 days post BrdU to study cell proliferation and survival respectively. At 42 d the mice were subjected to a forced swim test. Double labelling of BrdU and c-Fos (a marker for neuronal activation) was performed to observe if newborn cells functionally integrated into the DG network. Furthermore, effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine on depression-like behavior and cell survival were assessed. Finally, gene array studies were conducted in the DG.
Results
Compared to NABs, HAB mice displayed enhanced depression-like behavior in the forced swim test and reduced newborn cell proliferation and survival in the DG. Double-labelling of BrdU and c-Fos revealed that some of the newborn cells in the survival paradigm functionally integrated in NABs, while no such evidence was found in HABs. Gene array studies revealed lower abundance of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in HABs which might contribute to reduced neurogenesis. Finally, although chronic treatment with fluoxetine reduced the depression-like behavior exclusively in female HABs, it did not alter cell survival or functional integration of newborn neurons in the DG.
Conclusion
Taken together, the enhanced depression-like behavior in a psychopathological animal model is accompanied by decreased hippocampal neurogenesis as well as BDNF and CdK5 expression possibly contributing to the phenotype. Since the antidepressant effect of fluoxetine is discerned from neurogenesis, it is suggested that mechanisms other than adult neurogenesis underlie the therapeutic action of SSRIs in the HAB model, which, however, has to be confirmed by using additional SSRIs. Thus, the present data do not support the idea that neurogenesis is a prerequisite for therapeutic actions common to all antidepressants. Moreover, these findings highlight the importance of psychopathological animal models in order to investigate molecular mechanisms of effective antidepressants.
Acknowledgements
Supported by FWF DK SPIN W1206-B05.
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Open Access This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Sah, A., Gaburro, S., Schmuckermair, C. et al. Adult neurogenesis in a psychopathological mouse model of trait anxiety and comorbid depression-like behavior: effect of antidepressants. BMC Pharmacol 9 (Suppl 2), A19 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2210-9-S2-A19
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2210-9-S2-A19