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Figure 2 | BMC Pharmacology

Figure 2

From: AICAR activates the pluripotency transcriptional network in embryonic stem cells and induces KLF4 and KLF2 expression in fibroblasts

Figure 2

AICAR antagonizes Retinoic Acid induced differentiation in mESC. A) Murine embryonic stem cells were exposed to DMSO, 5 uM retinoic acid (RA) or 5 uM retinoic acid + 1 mM AICAR for 72 h. AICAR antagonized RA induced silencing of Nanog, Oct4, Klf2 and Klf4 but not of Sox2. Taqman real time quantitative PCR. N = 3. Graphs represent average +/- SEM B) mESC were grown for 5 days in the presence of DMSO, 5 uM RA or 5 uM RA + 1 mM AICAR and then stained for alkaline phosphatase activity. AICAR antagonizes RA induced suppression of AP activity. Representative experiment of 4 independent experiments that produced similar results. Bar represents average percentage of AP+ colonies per 4× magnification field +/- STDV. C) mESC were grown for 5 days in the presence of DMSO, 5 uM RA or 5 uM RA + 1 mM AICAR and then visually inspected for morphological analysis. AICAR reduces RA induced morphological changes. *** = P < 0.0001, ** = P < 0.001.

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BMC Pharmacology

ISSN: 1471-2210