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Figure 4 | BMC Pharmacology

Figure 4

From: The enantiomers of tramadol and its major metabolite inhibit peristalsis in the guinea pig small intestine via differential mechanisms

Figure 4

Concentration-response relationships for the increase in PPT (Pa) caused by various forms of tramadol. The concentration-response relationships for the increase in PPT (Pa) caused by (-)-tramadol, (+)-tramadol (1–100 μM) and O-desmethyltramadol (0.1–100 μM) is compared to that seen after vehicle (Tyrode's solution) administration. The symbols represent means with SEM, n = 6 segments.

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BMC Pharmacology

ISSN: 1471-2210