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  1. In this study, we investigated the mechanism(s) by which delta opioids induce their potent activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs) in different cell lines expressing the cloned δ-op...

    Authors: H Kenneth Kramer, Irma Onoprishvili, Matthew L Andria, Kayane Hanna, Karina Sheinkman, Lisa B Haddad and Eric J Simon
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology 2002 2:5
  2. The signal transduction pathways mediated by retinoic acid play a critical role in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation during embryogenesis and hematopoiesis as well as in a variety of tumor cell...

    Authors: James Russo, Annette Barnes, Katie Berger, Jay Desgrosellier, Jennifer Henderson, Ana Kanters and Lubo Merkov
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology 2002 2:4
  3. Dinitrosyl nonheme-iron complexes can appear in cells and tissues overproducing nitric oxide. It is believed that due to their chemical nature these species may be implicated in certain pathophysiological even...

    Authors: Andrei L Kleschyov, Gilles Hubert, Thomas Munzel, Jean-Claude Stoclet and Bernard Bucher
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology 2002 2:3
  4. Growth inhibition by RPR-130401, a non-peptidomimetic farnesyltransferase inhibitor, was investigated without or with combined exposure to ionizing radiation in three human tumor cell lines (HCT-116, MiAPaCa-2...

    Authors: Frédérique Mégnin-Chanet, François Lavelle and Vincent Favaudon
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology 2002 2:2
  5. The most important receptor for nitic oxide is the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), a heme containing heterodimer. Recently, a pyrazolopyridine derivative BAY 41-2272, structurally related to YC-1, was identif...

    Authors: Eva Maria Becker, Cristina Alonso-Alija, Heiner Apeler, Rupert Gerzer, Torsten Minuth, Ulrich Pleiβ, Peter Schmidt, Matthias Schramm, Henning Schröder, Werner Schroeder, Wolfram Steinke, Alexander Straub and Johannes-Peter Stasch
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology 2001 1:13
  6. Artesunate is a commonly used antimalarial drug derived from artemisinin. It is rapidly converted to dihydroartemisinin. Little is known on this conversion in the GI tract and blood, and how this influences ab...

    Authors: Piero L Olliaro, Naren K Nair, Kathir Sathasivam, Sharif M Mansor and Vis Navaratnam
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology 2001 1:12
  7. The search for an optimal experimental model in pharmacology is recently focused on (mini)pigs as they seem not only to be an alternative source of cells and tissues for xenotherapy but also an alternative spe...

    Authors: Pavel Soucek, Roman Zuber, Eva Anzenbacherová, Pavel Anzenbacher and F Peter Guengerich
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology 2001 1:11
  8. In addition to endogenous opioids, a number of peptide sequences, derived from endogenous (hemorphins, alphaS1-casomorphin), and exogenous proteins (casomorphins, exorphins) have been reported, possessing opio...

    Authors: Marilena Kampa, Spyros Loukas, Andreas Tsapis and Elias Castanas
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology 2001 1:9
  9. Serotonin (5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine) activates the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK)/ Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathways, in vascular smooth muscle cells. Parallel MAPK pathways, the c...

    Authors: Amy KL Banes, Robert D Loberg, Frank C Brosius III and Stephanie W Watts
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology 2001 1:8
  10. The excitatory amino acid domoic acid, a glutamate and kainic acid analog, is the causative agent of amnesic shellfish poisoning in humans. No studies to our knowledge have investigated the potential contribut...

    Authors: Alejandro MS Mayer, Mary Hall, Michael J Fay, Peter Lamar, Celeste Pearson, Walter C Prozialeck, Virginia KB Lehmann, Peer B Jacobson, Anne M Romanic, Tolga Uz and Hari Manev
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology 2001 1:7
  11. Tabebuia avellanedae is a tree from the Bignoniaceae family. Commonly know as "pau d'arco" in Brazil, its inner bark is used as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antineoplasic and diuretic at the Brazilian northeast....

    Authors: Fábio Guilherme Gonçalves de Miranda, Jeane Carvalho Vilar, Ivana Andréa Nunes Alves, Sócrates Cabral de Holanda Cavalcanti and Ângelo Roberto Antoniolli
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology 2001 1:6
  12. The present study was designed to analyze the chronic renal response to omapatrilat, a new vasopeptidase inhibitor, in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). To that end, the renal and blood pressure response ...

    Authors: Paloma Morazo, Lourdes A Fortepiani, M Clara Ortíz, Noemí M Atucha and Joaquín García-Estañ
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology 2001 1:5
  13. A previous report showed that the atypical neuroleptic clozapine resulted in marked changes in urodynamic parameters and greatly inhibited the activity of the external urethral sphincter in anesthetized rats. ...

    Authors: Pedro L Vera, Alejandro Miranda-Sousa and Irving Nadelhaft
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology 2001 1:4
  14. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) is often used as an activating phorbol ester of protein kinase C (PKC) to investigate the roles of the kinase in cellular functions. Accumulating lines of evidence indicat...

    Authors: Sechiko Suga, Jie Wu, Yoshiji Ogawa, Teruko Takeo, Takahiro Kanno and Makoto Wakui
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology 2001 1:3
  15. Leishmaniasis is a major parasitic disease in the tropical regions. However, Leishmania infantum has recently emerged as a very important cause of opportunistic infections for individuals positive for human immun...

    Authors: Sarah W Kamau, Rafael Nunez and Felix Grimm
    Citation: BMC Pharmacology 2001 1:1