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Figure 6 | BMC Pharmacology

Figure 6

From: Dicholine salt of succinic acid, a neuronal insulin sensitizer, ameliorates cognitive deficits in rodent models of normal aging, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, and beta-amyloid peptide-(25–35)-induced amnesia

Figure 6

Effects of CS on brain NAA/Cr levels in middle-aged mice. NAA/Cr levels in brains of mice were measured by 1H-MRS in vivo on day as indicated in the experimental schedule (Figure 2). A: Brain NAA/Cr levels. YNG, young adult mice (i.p. saline for 7 days); MID, middle-aged mice (i.p. saline for 7 days, control); CS1, CS10, and CS25, middle-aged mice treated i.p. for 7 days with CS in doses of 1, 10, or 25 mg/kg respectively. Each group comprised a minimum of eight mice. Columns represent the NAA/Cr means ± SEM expressed as a percentage of the mean NAA/Cr in brains of young adult mice. *P < 0.05 vs. MID. P < 0.05 vs. YNG. B: Representative 1H MRS spectra from control young adult mice (YNG), middle-aged mice (MID), and middle-aged mice treated with CS in dose of 25 mg/kg (CS25). Signal assignment: NAA, methyl protons of NAA; Cr, methyl protons of Cr.

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