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Figure 12 | BMC Pharmacology

Figure 12

From: Dicholine salt of succinic acid, a neuronal insulin sensitizer, ameliorates cognitive deficits in rodent models of normal aging, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, and beta-amyloid peptide-(25–35)-induced amnesia

Figure 12

Effects of CS on learning in the step-through passive avoidance test in rats with β-amyloid peptide-(25–35)-induced amnesia. Step-through latencies in passive avoidance task were measured during acquisition trial and, 24 hours later, during retention trial on days as indicated in the experimental schedule (Figure 11). A: Acquisition trial. B: Retention trial. SH, sham-operated rats (i.p. saline for 7 days); CTR, β-amyloid peptide-(25–35)-induced rats (i.p. saline for 7 days, control); CH, β-amyloid peptide-(25–35)-induced rats treated i.p. for 7 days with choline chloride in dose of 10 mg/kg; CS1, CS10, and CS25, β-amyloid peptide-(25–35)-induced rats treated i.p. for 7 days with CS in doses of 1, 10, or 25 mg/kg respectively. Each group comprised eight rats. Columns represent the step-through latencies means ± SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. CTR. †P < 0.05 vs. SH.

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BMC Pharmacology

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