Figure 4From: Inhibitory effects of proanthocyanidins from Ribes nigrum leaves on carrageenin acute inflammatory reactions induced in ratsEffect of indomethacin and PACs on cytokines release in pleural exudate. Pleural injection of carrageenin caused by 4 h an increase in the release of the cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α, A), interleukin-1β (IL-1β, B), interleukin-6 (IL-6, C), interleukin-10 (IL-10, D) and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1, E). TNF-α, IL-1β and CINC-1 levels were reduced by PACs, but IL-6 and IL-10 levels were not modified. Indomethacin lowered the level of all these cytokines. Each value is the mean ± s.e. mean of n = 6 experiments. °P < 0.05 versus sham. *P < 0.05 versus carrageenin.Back to article page