Toxic cocaine- and convulsant-induced modification of forced swimming behaviors and their interaction with ethanol: comparison with immobilization stress

Hayase, Tamaki; Yamamoto, Yoshiko; Yamamoto, Keiichi

doi:10.1186/1471-2210-2-19

Table 1 Mortality rate (%), and the percentage and severity of the convulsive seizures in the CV groups.

From: Toxic cocaine- and convulsant-induced modification of forced swimming behaviors and their interaction with ethanol: comparison with immobilization stress

Treatment	Mortality Rate (%)	Presence of Convulsive Seizures (%)	Score of the most frequent seizure	Score of the most severe seizure	Time to recovery (min)
COCA 60 mg/kg (n = 10)	50.0	90.0	2.3 ± 0.9	2.4 ± 0.7	192 ± 30
BIC 5 mg/kg (n = 10)	50.0	80.0	2.1 ± 1.1	2.3 ± 1.0	205 ± 35
DMCM 10 mg/kg (n = 10)	50.0	80.0	2.0 ± 1.2	2.1 ± 1.0	198 ± 28
NMDA 200 mg/kg (n = 10)	50.0	80.0	2.2 ± 1.0	2.3 ± 0.8	209 ± 36
COCA 60 mg/kg + EtOH 1.5 g/kg (n = 11)	54.5	63.6	0.7 ± 0.4 a	0.7 ± 0.4 a	124 ± 26 a
BIC 5 mg/kg + EtOH 1.5 g/kg (n = 10)	50.0	60.0	0.6 ± 0.5 a	0.7 ± 0.5 a	118 ± 24 a
DMCM 10 mg/kg + EtOH 1.5 g/kg (n = 9)	44.4	66.7	0.7 ± 0.5 a	0.7 ± 0.5 a	106 ± 24 a
NMDA 200 mg/kg + EtOH 1.5 g/kg (n = 10)	50.0	70.0	0.7 ± 0.5 a	0.8 ± 0.5 a	106 ± 25 a

Both the most severe convulsive seizure and the most frequent type of seizure observed in each rat were scored, based on previously-reported evaluation methods using the common features of convulsive seizures [47, 48]: score 0=no convulsive seizures, score 1=short-lasting (< 5 min) mild episodes of clonic convulsions, score 2=short-lasting episodes of clonic-tonic convulsions that caused a loss of the righting reflex, and score 3= episodic convulsive seizures continuous and violent enough to cause fatal respiratory disorders. Furthermore, the mean time to recovery from visible seizures in the surviving rats, after when no seizures were observed, is also shown, although all of the convulsive seizures and other toxic symptoms (e.g. abnormal locomotor activities) had disappeared before the 5 h time point. The data for the seizure scores represent means ± SD. a: significant (p < 0.05; two sample t test with Welch's correction) attenuation as compared to the non-EtOH groups. In the groups without EtOH cotreatment (between the COCA, BIC, DMCM and NMDA groups), and within the groups with EtOH cotreatment (between the COCA-EtOH, BIC-EtOH, DMCM-EtOH and NMDA-EtOH groups), no significant differences were observed (p > 0.05; one-way ANOVA) for the scores of the most severe convulsive seizure, the scores of the most frequent type of seizure, and the time to recovery in the surviving rats. Furthermore, each mean value for the most frequent type of seizure was not significantly different from the mean value for the most severe type of seizures (p > 0.05; two sample t test with Welch's correction). In all rats, there was no significant difference between the most severe score and the most frequent score (p > 0.05; two sample t test with Welch's correction), which suggests a similar severity profile within the non-EtOH groups, and within the EtOH-cotreatment groups.

Back to article page

BMC Pharmacology