Figure 4
From: Differential effects of TRPV1 receptor ligands against nicotine-induced depression-like behaviors
Effects of the TRPV1 antagonist CZ or the CB1 antagonist AM against the depression-related behavioral alterations caused by NC or IM plus an efficacious (antidepressant-like) TRPV1 ligand (CP, OL or AR) in the tail suspension test. Effects of CZ were examined in the TRPV1 agonist CP, OL or AR treatment group (a-c). Effects of AM were examined in the CB1 (and TRPV1) agonist AR treatment group (d). The values for the total immobility time (min) at the 2 h time point after the last NC or IM treatment are shown. The data represent means ± SD (n = 10 for each group). AA (p < 0.01): significant increase as compared to the control group. bb (p < 0.01): significant attenuation as compared to the NC- or IM-only group. C (p < 0.05), CC (p < 0.01): significant increase as compared to the NC or IM plus an efficacious TRPV1 ligand (CP, OL or AR) group. The abbreviations of the co-administered TRPV1 ligands with each antagonist captioned below the X-axis with each i.p. dose (mg/kg) are noted in the text.