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Figure 3 | BMC Pharmacology

Figure 3

From: Differential effects of TRPV1 receptor ligands against nicotine-induced depression-like behaviors

Figure 3

Effects of the TRPV1 antagonist CZ or the CB1 antagonist AM against the depression-related behavioral alterations caused by NC or IM plus an efficacious (antidepressant-like) TRPV1 ligand (CP, OL or AR) in the forced swimming test. Effects of CZ were examined in the TRPV1 agonist CP, OL or AR treatment group (a-c). Effects of AM were examined in the CB1 (plus TRPV1) agonist AR treatment group (d). The values for the time until immobility (min) and the activity counts (counts/10 min) at the 2 h time point after the last NC or IM treatment are shown. The data represent means ± SD (n = 10 for each group). aa (p < 0.01): significant attenuation as compared to the control group. B (p < 0.05), BB (p < 0.01): significant increase as compared to the NC- or IM-only group. c (p < 0.05), cc (p < 0.01): significant attenuation as compared to the NC or IM plus an efficacious TRPV1 ligand (CP, OL or AR) group. The abbreviations of the co-administered TRPV1 ligands with each antagonist captioned below the X-axis with each i.p. dose (mg/kg) are noted in the text.

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